Calculating capacity of a solar hot water generation system

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The capacity of a solar water heater plant depends on several factors, including the latitude, longitude, sunlight hours, and inclination angle. Here are the formulas to calculate the capacity of a solar water heater plant of 1000 LPD (liters per day), taking into account these factors:

  1. Latitude: The latitude of the installation site affects the angle at which the sun's rays hit the

solar panels. The formula to calculate the solar altitude angle (SA) is:

SA = 90 - latitude + δ

where δ is the declination angle of the sun, which can be calculated using the following formula:

δ = 23.45 * sin(360/365 * (284 + N))

where N is the day of the year (1-365).

  1. Longitude: The longitude of the installation site affects the local solar time, which is important for determining the peak solar insolation. The formula to calculate the local solar time (LST) is:

LST = 12 + (4 * (T - 12) - (longitude - 15)) / 60

where T is the local standard time.

  1. Sunlight hours: The sunlight hours at the installation site determine the amount of solar radiation available for the solar water heater plant. The formula to calculate the daily solar radiation on a horizontal surface (H) is:

H = H0 * (n / 24)

where H0 is the extraterrestrial solar radiation, which can be calculated using the following formula:

H0 = 1367 * cos(θ)

where θ is the solar incidence angle, which can be calculated using the following formula:

cos(θ) = sin(φ) * sin(δ) + cos(φ) * cos(δ) * cos(ω)

where φ is the latitude, δ is the declination angle, and ω is the hour angle, which can be calculated using the following formula:

ω = 15 * (LST - 12)

  1. Inclination angle: The inclination angle of the solar panels affects the efficiency of the solar water heater plant. The formula to calculate the optimum inclination angle (β) is:

β = φ + 10

where 10 is an adjustment factor that accounts for the latitude of the installation site.

Using these formulas, the capacity of a solar water heater plant of 1000 LPD can be calculated by multiplying the solar radiation on the inclined surface by the efficiency factor of the solar panels. The efficiency factor is typically between 0.6 and 0.8, depending on the quality of the solar panels.

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