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  ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016 recommends the following minimum ventilation rates (VRs) for hospitals: General care patient rooms: 15 CFM per person Operating rooms: 30 CFM per person Laboratories: 15 CFM per person Patient examination rooms: 15 CFM per person Waiting rooms: 15 CFM per person In summary, ASHRAE provides guidelines for determining the air flow requirement per person and per square foot for different types of spaces and activities. The actual requirements may vary based on specific requirements and building code requirements.

A 3-stage filtration system for an Air Handling Unit (AHU) is a multi-layer filtration system that is designed to remove a wide range of contaminants from the air. The three stages of filtration are designed to remove different types of contaminants, with each stage providing a higher level of filtration. The three stages of filtration are: Stage 1: Pre-filter: The pre-filter is typically the first stage of filtration and is designed to remove large particulate matter such as dust, dirt, and pet hair. Stage 2: Medium-Efficiency Filter: The medium-efficiency filter is the second stage of filtration and is designed to remove smaller particulate matter, such as mold spores and bacteria. This stage of filtration typically uses a synthetic fiber or electrostatically charged media. Stage 3: High-Efficiency Filter: The high-efficiency filter is the final stage of filtration and is designed to remove even smaller particulate matter, such as tobacco smoke, chemicals, and volatile organic compou...

Adding a HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter to an air conditioner (AC) can affect its energy consumption in a few different ways: Increased Airflow Resistance: HEPA filters are designed to trap very small particles, and as a result, they can create more resistance to air flow than other types of filters. This increased resistance can cause the AC's fan motor to work harder, resulting in higher energy consumption. Increased Fan Speed: In some cases, adding a HEPA filter to an AC system may require increasing the fan speed to maintain the same level of airflow. This increase in fan speed can result in higher energy consumption. Increased Filter Replacement Frequency: HEPA filters are typically more expensive than other types of filters and they may need to be replaced more frequently. The cost of replacing these filters, as well as the energy required to remove and replace the filter, can increase the overall energy consumption of the AC system. On the other hand, the bene...

This involves a series of steps :  1.      Calculate the face velocity: The face velocity is the speed at which air is flowing through the filters and across the coil. In this case, the desired face velocity is 500 FPM (feet per minute). 2.      Determine the airflow rate: The airflow rate is the volume of air that needs to be filtered. This can be calculated based on the HVAC system specifications and the design requirements. 3.      Calculate the filter area: The filter area is the effective area of the filters that will maintain the desired face velocity. The filter area can be calculated using the equation: Filter Area = Airflow Rate / Face Velocity 1.      Determine the size of the pre and fine filters: Based on the filter area calculation, the size of the pre and fine filters can be determined. This will ensure that the maximum face velocity of 500 FPM is maintained across the coil. It i...

  The raw deep coil requirement for an air handling unit (AHU) is determined based on several factors, including the desired cooling capacity, the entering air temperature and humidity, and the required leaving air temperature and humidity. Here are the steps to determine the raw deep coil requirement for an AHU: 1.      Determine the cooling capacity: The cooling capacity of the AHU is the amount of heat that needs to be removed from the air. It is usually expressed in units of tons of refrigeration (TR) or in watts (W). The cooling capacity can be calculated based on the desired temperature and humidity conditions of the entering and leaving air. 2.      Select the refrigerant: The type of refrigerant that will be used in the AHU is an important factor in determining the raw deep coil requirement. Different refrigerants have different thermodynamic properties, which can affect the performance of the coil. 3.     ...

  Calculating the capacity of an air handling unit (AHU) involves determining the amount of air that needs to be moved and the resistance to flow that exists in the system. Here is a step-by-step process to calculate the capacity of an AHU: 1.      Determine the volume of air that needs to be moved: This is typically expressed in cubic feet per minute (CFM) and is based on the size of the space being conditioned, the number of occupants, and the type of use (e.g. office, laboratory, manufacturing). 2.      Calculate the system's resistance to flow: This involves determining the resistance of the filters, ducts, diffusers, and other components in the system. This resistance is expressed in inches of water column (in. w.c.). 3.      Determine the fan laws: The fan laws are mathematical relationships that describe how changes in fan speed, airflow, and power consumption are related. These relationships can be used to ca...