What is the difference between thermal conductivity and specific heat?

Thermal conductivity and specific heat are both properties of materials related to their ability to conduct heat, but they have different meanings.

Thermal conductivity refers to a material's ability to conduct heat. It is the rate at which heat energy flows through a material per unit time and per unit area, when a temperature gradient is applied. Thermal conductivity is usually measured in units of watts per meter per Kelvin (W/mK) and is a measure of how easily heat can move through a material.

Specific heat, on the other hand, refers to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a material by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin). It is a measure of the amount of heat energy that a material can store per unit mass, and is usually measured in units of joules per kilogram per Kelvin (J/kgK). Specific heat is a measure of a material's ability to absorb and retain heat energy.

To summarize, thermal conductivity measures how easily heat can move through a material, while specific heat measures how much heat energy a material can store per unit mass.

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