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Showing posts with the label PLUMBING

What is hydropneumatic system? how do you determine the capacity and size of the same?

  A hydropneumatic system is a type of water supply system that uses a combination of water and compressed air to maintain pressure and store water for distribution. In this system, a bladder or diaphragm separates the water and air and acts as a pressure vessel. As water is drawn from the system, the compressed air pushes the water out of the tank to maintain pressure and flow. To determine the capacity and size of a hydropneumatic system, several factors must be considered. These include the expected demand for water, the available water supply, and the required pressure. Here are the general steps to determine the capacity and size of a hydropneumatic system: Determine the peak demand for water: This is the maximum amount of water that will be required at any given time. This value can be determined by calculating the expected water use in the building or facility during periods of high demand. Determine the minimum and maximum water pressure requirements: The minimum and maximu...

Calculating capacity of a solar hot water generation system

The capacity of a solar water heater plant depends on several factors, including the latitude, longitude, sunlight hours, and inclination angle. Here are the formulas to calculate the capacity of a solar water heater plant of 1000 LPD (liters per day), taking into account these factors: Latitude: The latitude of the installation site affects the angle at which the sun's rays hit the solar panels. The formula to calculate the solar altitude angle (SA) is: SA = 90 - latitude + δ where δ is the declination angle of the sun, which can be calculated using the following formula: δ = 23.45 * sin(360/365 * (284 + N)) where N is the day of the year (1-365). Longitude: The longitude of the installation site affects the local solar time, which is important for determining the peak solar insolation. The formula to calculate the local solar time (LST) is: LST = 12 + (4 * (T - 12) - (longitude - 15)) / 60 where T is the local standard time. Sunlight hours: The sunlight hours at the installation ...